Invoice Atkinson, Macintosh Pioneer and Inventor of Hypercard, Dies at 74

My first assembly with Invoice Atkinson was unforgettable. It was November 1983, and reporting for Rolling Stone, I had gained entry to the group constructing the Macintosh pc, scheduled to launch early the following yr. Everybody saved telling me, “Wait until you meet Invoice and Andy,” referring to Atkinson and Andy Hertzfeld, two key writers of the Mac’s software program. Right here’s what I wrote concerning the encounter in my e book, Insanely Nice:

I met Invoice Atkinson first. A tall fellow with unruly hair, a Pancho Villa moustache, and blazing blue eyes, he had the unnerving depth of Bruce Dern in one among his turns as an unhinged Vietnam vet. Like everybody else within the room, he wore denims and a T-shirt. “Do you wish to see a bug?” he requested me. He pulled me into his cubicle and pointed to his Macintosh. Filling the display screen was an extremely detailed drawing of an insect. It was lovely, one thing you may see on an costly workstation in a analysis lab, however not on a private pc. Atkinson laughed at his joke, then bought very severe, speaking in an intense near-whisper that gave his phrases a reverential weight. “The barrier between phrases and footage is damaged,” he mentioned. “Till now the world of artwork has been a sacred membership. Like tremendous china. Now it’s for each day use.”

Atkinson was proper. His contributions to the Macintosh have been important to that breakthrough he’d whispered to me on the Apple workplace referred to as Bandley 3 that day. Just a few years later, he would singlehandedly make one other big contribution with a program known as Hypercard, which presaged the World Extensive Net. By way of all of it, he retained his vitality and joie de vivre, and have become an inspiration for all who would change the world via code. On June 5, 2025, he died after an extended sickness. He was 74.

Atkinson hadn’t deliberate on turning into a pioneer in private computing. As a graduate pupil, he studied pc science and neurobiology on the College of Washington. However when he encountered an Apple II in 1977, he fell in love, and went to work for the corporate that constructed it a yr later. He was worker quantity 51. In 1979, he was among the many small group that Steve Jobs led to the Xerox PARC analysis lab and was blown away by the graphic pc interface he noticed there. It grew to become his job to translate that futuristic expertise to the buyer, engaged on Apple’s Lisa challenge. Within the course of, he invented lots of the conventions that also persist on in the present day’s computer systems, like menu bars. Atkinson additionally created QuickDraw, a groundbreaking expertise to effectively draw objects on a display screen. A type of objects was the “Spherical-Rect”—a field with rounded corners that will grow to be a part of everybody’s computing expertise. Atkinson had resisted the concept till Jobs made him stroll across the block and see all of the site visitors indicators and different objects with rounded corners.

When Jobs took over the opposite Apple challenge impressed by PARC expertise, the Macintosh, he poached Atkinson, whose work had already influenced that product. Hertzfeld, who was in control of the Mac interface, as soon as defined to me the Lisa options he’d appropriated for the Mac: “Something Invoice Atkinson did, I took, and nothing else.” he mentioned. Atkinson, who had grow to be disenchanted on the Lisa’s excessive price ticket, embraced the concept of a extra inexpensive model, and commenced writing MacPaint, this system that will empower customers to create artwork on the Mac’s bit-mapped display screen.

After the Mac launched, the group started to unravel. Atkinson had the title of Apple Fellow, which gave him the liberty to pursue ardour initiatives. He started work on one thing he known as Magic Slate—a tool with a high-resolution display screen that weighed beneath a pound and might be managed by a stylus and swipes on a contact display screen. Principally, he was designing the iPad 25 years early. However the expertise wasn’t able to create one thing so miniaturized and highly effective at an inexpensive worth (Atkinson hoped it will be so cheap you would afford to lose six in a yr and never be bothered.) “I wished Magic Slate so unhealthy I might style it,” he as soon as instructed me.